The fruit trees used by people in the NETP were likely gathered from the wild rather than consciously cultivated, and the subsistence strategy of agropastoralism may have played a significant role during the processes. The cold-dry climate during the Bronze Age seemed to be one of the reasons. This is in notable contrast to the situation in the Chinese Loess Plateau in the parallel period. and Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), and Rhamnaceae (only Ziziphus Mill.) were used by people in the NETP, and there was a downward trend in the use of fruit trees during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age.
Our results demonstrate that Rosaceae, Elaeagnaceae (Hippophae L. We combine this with reported multidisciplinary evidence to explore the history of fruit-tree utilization as well as its relation to the subsistence strategy in the NETP during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Here, we present the results of charcoal identification of fruit trees from 16 dated archeological sites in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) spanning the period c. However, the question of how people used fruit trees has not yet been answered in particular, the impacts of different subsistence strategies on human behavior regarding fruit-tree utilization (wild gathering or conscious cultivation) have not yet been considered. The history of fruit-tree utilization by prehistoric people has become an important issue that has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Fruits have also been considered to be important edible resources throughout the history of human evolution (Eaton et al., 1997 Cordain, 2002 Zheng et al., 2014 Fuller and Stevens, 2019). Diversified food selection since the Holocene played an important role in prehistoric humans' adaptation to different environments, promoting the formation of diverse subsistence strategies around the world, such as hunting-gathering, agriculture, and agropastoralism (Matuzeviciute et al., 2020 Wang et al., 2020 Zhuang, 2020 Wang et al., 2021 Irish and Usai, 2021). There is a Chinese proverb that states that "food is the first thing for people, " and in recent decades, archaeobotanists have focused on prehistoric crop and animal domestication as well as its impacts on human society, leading to some important results (Koca et al., 2006 Pearsall, 2008 Purugganan and Fuller, 2009 Tang et al., 2010 Zizumbo-Villarreal and Colunga-GarcíaMarín, 2010 Watling et al., 2018 Cubas et al., 2019 Liu and Reid, 2020).
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